Dissemination

Plant breeding is based on phenotyping, not only because of tradition but also because of essence. A plant phenotype is the result of the interactions between the genome of a stationary plant and all the micro- and mega-environments encountered during its life span. Over the recent years, we have witnessed an explosion in state-of-the-art technologies developed through collaborative efforts of multidisciplinary teams to assist the process of high-throughput plant phenotyping in plant breeding (NSF, 2011), first only under controlled conditions and, more recently, also under real field conditions (Lawrence-Dill et al., 2019).